One sector that may be particularly affected is the transportation sector ( Koetse and Rietveld 2009). These weather changes are expected to have an impact on daily lives, especially those aspects that take place outdoors. Although large uncertainties and regional variations exist, climate changes (i.e., overall warmer temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns) have been projected and can already be observed today (e.g., Stocker et al. Recently, scholars and policy makers have shown increasing interest in climate change adaptation and mitigation. Policy and planning implications are highlighted that could reduce cyclists’ exposures to disadvantageous weather conditions such as heat, precipitation, and wind, at present and in a potentially changing climate. Optimum thermal conditions for cycling were found on days with maximum air temperatures around 24☌, mean radiant temperatures around 52☌, and physiological equivalent temperatures around 30☌. Out of three thermal variables investigated, mean radiant temperature (radiant heat exchange between humans and the environment) and physiological equivalent temperature (an index combining the effects of air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air humidity, and wind speed) better explain cycling behavior than just air temperature. Results show linear negative effects of precipitation sum and wind speed and nonlinear bell-shaped effects of thermal variables on cycling and opposite effects on car usage.

Drawing on travel diary data from a panel study of 945 Greater Rotterdam respondents (the Netherlands), this paper investigates and compares the effects of different meteorological variables, singly as well as combined, on cycling frequencies, cycling durations, and the exchange between cycling and other transport modes.

Existing studies, however, hardly address the effects of weather on cycling durations and often lack assessments of the combined effects of different meteorological variables and potential nonlinearity of these effects. With the increasing societal interest in climate change, health, accessibility, and liveability and subsequent policy aims to promote active transport modes over car usage, many scholars have investigated the relationship between weather and cycling.

Outdoor activity weather calculator